Emphatic cause: -gi ttaemune / -neun barame
This lesson covers '-gi ttaemune', which states a strong or explicit cause, and '-neun barame', which marks an unexpected negative result.
-gi ttaemune: a clear, formal reason
'-gi ttaemune' states a reason clearly in formal writing or speech. After a noun, use just 'ttaemune'.
κ΅ν΅μ¬κ³ κ° λ¬κΈ° λλ¬Έμ νμμ λ¦μμ΄μ.
gyotongsagoga natgi ttaemune hoeuie neujeosseoyo.
Because there was a traffic accident, I was late for the meeting.
κ°κΈ° λλ¬Έμ νκ΅μ λͺ» κ°μ΄μ.
gamgi ttaemune hakgyoe mot gasseoyo.
Because of a cold, I couldn't go to school.
μ΄μ¬ν μ€λΉνκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μνμ ν©κ²©νμ΄μ.
yeolsimhi junbihaetgi ttaemune siheome hapgyeokaesseoyo.
Because I prepared hard, I passed the exam.
'-gi ttaemunida' ends a sentence to emphasize the reason, meaning 'it is because...'.
-neun barame: an unexpected, usually negative cause
'-neun barame' describes a sudden or unintended event that leads to a bad outcome. It is usually used for past events.
κ°μκΈ° λΉκ° μ€λ λ°λμ λ€ μ μμ΄μ.
gapjagi biga oneun barame da jeojeosseoyo.
It suddenly rained, so I got all wet.
μ μ¬λμ΄ λ λλ λ°λμ μ μ λͺ» μ€μ΄μ.
yeop sarami tteodeuneun barame jameul mot jasseoyo.
The person next to me was noisy, so I couldn't sleep.
Caution: tense and commands
Always use the present form '-neun' before 'barame', and never follow it with a command or suggestion.
| Form | Nuance | Result |
|---|---|---|
| -gi ttaemune | Clear / formal | Either positive or negative |
| -neun barame | Sudden / unexpected | Mostly negative |
| noun + ttaemune | Noun as cause | Either positive or negative |
| noun + deokbune | Thanks to | Mostly positive |
π‘ Tip: Tip: '-neun barame' sounds odd for good results. For positive outcomes, use 'deokbune' ('thanks to').