Background/contrast -neunde/-(eu)nde + choice -geona/-deunji
This final lesson covers '-neunde/-(eu)nde', which gives background or contrast, and '-geona/-deunji', which lists choices.
-neunde/-(eu)nde: setting the background
Verbs take '-neunde', adjectives take '-(eu)nde', and 'ida' takes '-nde'. It provides background or contrast for what follows.
μ΄μ μνλ₯Ό λ΄€λλ° μ λ§ μ¬λ―Έμμμ΄μ.
eoje yeonghwareul bwanneunde jeongmal jaemiisseosseoyo.
I watched a movie yesterday, and it was really fun.
μ΄ μ·μ μμλ° λ무 λΉμΈμ.
i oseun yeppeunde neomu bissayo.
These clothes are pretty, but they're too expensive.
μ§κΈ λΉκ° μ€λλ° μ°μ° μμ΄μ?
jigeum biga oneunde usan isseoyo?
It's raining now, do you have an umbrella?
μ¬κΈ°λ νμμΈλ° μ‘°μ©ν ν΄ μ£ΌμΈμ.
yeogineun haksaeginde joyonghi hae juseyo.
There are students here, so please be quiet.
-geona / -deunji: listing choices
'-geona' and '-deunji' present a choice among two or more options. '-deunji' carries a stronger 'any of them is fine' nuance.
μ£Όλ§μλ μ±
μ μ½κ±°λ μνλ₯Ό λ΄μ.
jumareneun chaegeul ilkkeona yeonghwareul bwayo.
On weekends I read books or watch movies.
μ¬μ¬ν λλ μ°μ±
νκ±°λ μμ
μ λ€μ΄μ.
simsimhal ttaeneun sanchaekageona eumageul deureoyo.
When I'm bored, I take a walk or listen to music.
무μμ λ¨Ήλ μ§ λΉ¨λ¦¬ κ²°μ νμΈμ.
mueoseul meokdeunji ppalli gyeoljeonghaseyo.
Whatever you eat, decide quickly.
Common mistake: -neunde vs -(eu)nikka
'-neunde' gives background or contrast, while '-(eu)nikka' states a direct reason. When yielding the way, 'bappeunde meonjeo gaseyo' sounds soft, whereas 'bappeunikka' directly emphasizes the reason.
| Function | Ending | Core meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Background | -neunde/-(eu)nde | Set the scene |
| Contrast | -neunde/-(eu)nde | but / however |
| Choice | -geona / -deunji | A or B |
π‘ Tip: Tip: '-neunde' is also used at the end of a sentence (as '-handeyo') for a soft, lingering tone. It's very useful in conversation.