Listing: 와/과 · 하고 · (이)랑
와/과, 하고, and (이)랑 all link nouns in a list, as in 'A and B.' They share the same meaning but differ in tone: 와/과 is formal and used in writing, 하고 is neutral and common in speech, and (이)랑 is casual and friendly.
와/과 (formal listing)
Use 와 (wa) after a vowel and 과 (gwa) after a consonant.
사과와 바나나를 샀어요.
sagwa-wa banana-reul sasseoyo.
I bought apples and bananas.
빵과 우유를 먹어요.
ppang-gwa uyu-reul meogeoyo.
I eat bread and milk.
선생님과 이야기해요.
seonsaengnim-gwa iyagihaeyo.
I talk with the teacher.
하고 and (이)랑 (spoken listing)
하고 (hago) attaches to any noun regardless of its ending. For (이)랑, use 랑 (rang) after a vowel and 이랑 (irang) after a consonant.
친구하고 영화를 봤어요.
chingu-hago yeonghwa-reul bwasseoyo.
I watched a movie with a friend.
동생이랑 놀아요.
dongsaeng-irang norayo.
I play with my younger sibling.
커피하고 빵을 샀어요.
keopi-hago ppang-eul sasseoyo.
I bought coffee and bread.
엄마랑 시장에 가요.
eomma-rang sijang-e gayo.
I go to the market with my mom.
물이랑 주스를 주세요.
mul-irang juseu-reul juseyo.
Please give me water and juice.
Using with 함께 / 같이
When 와/하고/(이)랑 carry the meaning 'with,' adding 같이 (gachi) or 함께 (hamkke) sounds more natural, as in 친구하고 같이 가요.
| Particle | Tone | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| 와/과 (wa/gwa) | formal, written | 와 after a vowel, 과 after a consonant |
| 하고 (hago) | neutral | any ending |
| (이)랑 (irang/rang) | casual | 랑 after a vowel, 이랑 after a consonant |
💡 Tip: These particles mean not only 'A and B' but also 'with (someone).' For example, 친구하고 = 친구와 = with a friend.