Composition and Formal Written Style

Formal Written-Style Endings

Professional writing uses formal written-style endings that differ from everyday speech. These endings make sentences concise and objective, and they are essential in reports, papers, and official documents.

'-(eu)myeo': listing / simultaneity

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λ©° 뢄석을 λ³‘ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.
bon yeonguneun jaryoreul sujiphamyeo bunseogeul byeonghaenghayeotda.
This study collected data while simultaneously conducting analysis.
이 약물은 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ©° 효과 λ˜ν•œ μž…μ¦λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.
i yangmureun anjeonhamyeo hyogwa ttohan ipjjeungdoeeotda.
This drug is safe, and its efficacy has also been proven.

'-(eu)n ba': formal grounds / conclusion

This expresses "as a result of ~" or "the point that ~" in a formal register. Forms such as 'geomtohan ba' (upon review) and 'nonuihan bawa gachi' (as discussed) are common in official documents and reports.

λ…Όμ˜ν•œ 바와 같이 λŒ€μ•ˆμ€ 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ••μΆ•λœλ‹€.
nonuihan bawa gachi daeaneun du gajiro apchukdoenda.
As discussed, the alternatives narrow down to two.
κ²€ν† ν•œ λ°”, ν•΄λ‹Ή 정책은 보완이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.
geomtohan ba, haedang jeongchaegeun bowani piryohada.
Upon review, the policy in question requires supplementation.

'-(eu)m': nominalized ending

This turns verbs and adjectives into nouns to close a sentence. It is used to record facts concisely in memos, minutes, and itemized reports.

κ΄€λ ¨ 자료λ₯Ό μ²¨λΆ€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° κ²€ν†  μš”λ§.
gwallyeon jaryoreul cheombuhayeosseumyeo geomto yomang.
Relevant materials attached; review requested.
μ˜ˆμ‚° λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ 사업이 μ§€μ—°λ˜μ—ˆμŒ.
yesan bujokeuro saeobi jiyeondoeeosseum.
The project was delayed due to a budget shortfall.

'-(eu)n/neunba': presenting a circumstance

This is used to present a situation or premise and then deliver a judgment based on it, so that the first clause serves as the background for the second.

κΈ°ν•œμ΄ μž„λ°•ν•œλ°”, μ‹ μ†ν•œ 결정이 μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€.
gihani imbakhanba, sinsokhan gyeoljjeongi yogudoenda.
As the deadline is imminent, a swift decision is required.

'-goja': intention / purpose

The formal counterpart of '-haryeogo', this is used to state the purpose or intent of a text politely. It suits introductions and the opening passages of official documents.

λ³Έκ³ λŠ” 이 문제λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€.
bongoneun i munjereul gyumyeonghagoja handa.
This paper seeks to clarify this issue.
SpokenWrittenFunction
-고-(으)며listing
-ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό-(으)γ„΄ λ°”grounds
-ν–ˆλ‹€-ν–ˆμŒnominal ending
-ν•˜λ €κ³ -고자purpose
-λŠ”λ°-(으)γ„΄/λŠ”λ°”circumstance
-λ‹ˆκΉŒ-(으)ㅁ에 따라basis / occasion

'-(eu)me ttara' / '-(eu)meurosseo': means and consequence

Nominalized forms combine with particles to express cause or means formally. '-e ttara' stresses grounds or criteria, while '-(eu)rosseo' stresses the instrument or method, sharpening written argumentation.

κ·œμ •μ΄ κ°œμ •λ¨μ— 따라 μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ κ°„μ†Œν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.
gyujeongi gaejeongdoeme ttara jeolchaga gansohwadoeeotda.
As the regulation was revised, the procedure was simplified.
πŸ’‘ Tip: Use the nominal ending '-(eu)m' only in itemized reports; in running prose, choose connective endings such as '-(eu)myeo' or '-(eu)n ba' to link sentences. Mixing styles looks unprofessional.
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